Abstract

Upgraded Metallurgical Grade Silicon for solar electricity (arXiv 2102.11571). Fetched by the auto-model research pass; the figures below are cited from this source in the model's flow, idiot-index, energetic-index, and market tabs.

Key facts

• Metallurgical-grade silicon ~99% purity is the carbothermic furnace product
• Submerged-arc furnace energy ~11-13 kWh/kg Si
• Carbothermic reduction of SiO2 done at up to ~2000 C

Reviewer note

Real source gathered during the extend-silicon-stack research pass (2026-06-21). Figures attributed to it in the model link back here.